Belajar Bahasa Inggris: 

Kalimat Majemuk vs Kalimat Kompleks

Belajar Bahasa Inggris kali ini masih seputar jenis kalimat berdasarkan jumlah klausa. Kalimat majemuk akan dibandingkan dengan kalimat kompleks. Terlalu banyak menggunakan kalimat majemuk apa akibatnya dan bila menggunakan kalimat kompleks apa kelebihannya. Marilah kita mulai belajar Bahasa Inggris ini.

Tulisan yang bagus menuntut campuran dari semua empat jenis kalimat: sederhana, majemuk, kompleks, dan majemuk-kompleks. Sebuah karangan dengan hanya kalimat pendek (choppy sentence), sederhana, membosankan dan tidak efektif, sebagaimana tulisan yang menggunakan terlalu banyak kalimat majemuk. Tulisan dengan kalimat kompleks dan frasa partisipial, struktur yang menggunakan subordinasi, umumnya dipertimbangkan lebih matang, menarik, dan efektif dalam gaya.

Bandingkan dua model berikut. Model pertama adalah model dari koordinasi yang terlalu banyak, atau tulisan dengan terlalu banyak kalimat majemuk. Dalam model kedua, beberapa koordinasi telah diganti dengan subordinasi--kalimat kompleks dalam kalimat 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, dan 12 dan frasa partisipial dalam kalimat 5 dan 10. Perhatikan, bagaimanapun, bahwa koordinasi telah ditempatkan di mana ide-ide yang diungkapkan adalah setara (kalimat 1, 4, dan 8).

MODEL:
Overcoordination

The People's Princess

1Diana, Princess of Wales, was born in Norfolk, England, in 1961, and she died in Paris, France, in 1997. 2People around the world were fascinated by the transformation of this shy kindergarten teacher into an independent, self-assured young woman. 3Her sudden death in a car crash while being chased by photographers prompted worldwide discussion and grief.

4Diana Spencer was born to a wealthy, upper-class English family, and she was educated in private schools in England and Switzerland. 5She loved children, so she became a kindergarten teacher. 6She led a quiet life in London, but then she met Charles, Prince of Wales, and her life changed dramatically. 7She and Charles married in 1981, and her life as the wife of the future king of England began. 8She gave birth to two sons and became active in charity work. 9Diana's life should have been a happy one, but it was not to be. 10She and Charles began having marital problems, and they separated in 1992, and they agreed to divorce in 1996.

11Diana worked very hard at her job as princess, and she supported many causes, especially those related to children and AIDS victims. 12She lived for only a short time, but she toughed people all over the world because of her beauty, her compassion for others, and her style.



MODEL:
Subordination

1Diana, Princess of Wales, was born in Norfolk, England, in 1961, and died in Paris, France, in 1997. 2People around the world were fascinated by the transformation of this shy kindergarten teacher into an independent, self-assured young woman. 3Her sudden death in a car crash while being chased by photographers prompted worldwide discussion and grief.

4Diana Spencer was born to a wealthy, upper-class English family, and educated in private schools in England and Switzerland. 5Because she loved children, she became a kindergarten teacher, leading a quiet life in London. 6However, when she met Charles, Prince of Wales, her life changed dramatically. 7After she and Charles married in 1981, her life as the wife of the future king of England began. 8She gave birth to two sons and became active in charity work. 9Although Diana's life should have been a happy one, it was not to be. 10She and Charles began having marital problems, separating in 1992 and agreeing to divorce in 1996.

11Diana who worked very hard at her job as princess, supported many causes, especially those related to children and AIDS victims. 12Even though she lived for only a short time, she toughed people all over the world because of her beauty, her compassion for others, and her style.

Belajar Bahasa Inggris tentang Latihan:

PRACTICE: Subordinasi
PERINTAH:
Change the following compound sentences to complex sentences by subordinating one of the clauses. Use the subordinator given. Note: Be sure to add the subordinator to the correct clause so that the resulting sentence is logical.

Example
It was raining, so I took an umbrella to work. (because)
Not logical:  It was raining because I took an umbrella to work.
Logical:         I took an umbrella to work because it was raining.  

1. In the former Soviet Union, men and women had access to equal education and job opportunity, for that reflected the Soviet philosophy. (since)
2. The 1937 Soviet constitution declared that women and men had equal rights and responsibilities, and women joined the workforce. (after)
3. Also, millions of Russian men were away in the military during World War II, so Russian women filled their places at work. (because)
4. Soviet women worked full time at their jobs, but they also had the primary responsibility for taking care of the family. (although)
5. They finished their work, and they had to shop, cook the evening meal, and perhaps wash, iron, or mend the family's clothes. (as soon as)

Model answer:

1. In the former Soviet Union, men and women had access to equal education and job opportunity since that reflected the Soviet philosophy.
2. After The 1937 Soviet constitution declared that women and men had equal rights and responsibilities, women joined the workforce.
3. Because millions of Russian men were away in the military during World War II, Russian women filled their places at work.
4. Although Soviet women worked full time at their jobs, they also had the primary responsibility for taking care of the family.
5. As soon as they finished their work, they had to shop, cook the evening meal, and perhaps wash, iron, or mend the family's clothes.

PRACTICE: Combining Sentences in Different Ways

PERINTAH:

Use what you have learned about the four kinds of sentences to improve these paragraphs, which contain too many short, simple sentences. Use different methods of combining the sentences. You may want to refer to a previous list of coordinators and subordinators. 

1Nonverbal communication, or body language, is used everywhere in the world. 2It is a very powerful means of communication. 3It communicates much more than spoken words. 4One example of nonverbal communication is what occurs between parents and child. 5Parents smile at their child. 6They communicate love, acceptance, and reassurance. 7The child feels comfortable and safe. 8The smile signifies approval. 9The child is happy and well-adjusted.

10Another example of such communication is the image a person projects in public. 11A woman is walking alone on an unfamiliar and possibly dangerous street. 12She wants to appear confident. 13She should walk briskly. 14She may be tired. 15She should walk with her shoulders straight and her head held high. 16Her eyes should be focused straight ahead. 17Someone is looking at her. 18She should return the glance without hesitation. 19In contrast, a nervous women will appear afraid. 20She walks slowly with her shoulders drooping and her eyes looking downward. 21Indeed, body language can express more than spoken language. 22It is a very strong method of communication. 23People use their body signals carelessly. 24They can sometimes be misinterpreted.


Model answer:

> Kalimat 2 dan 3 digabung menjadi kalimat majemuk:
It is a very powerful means of communication, and it communicates much more than spoken words.

> Kalimat 5 dan 5 digabung menjadi kalimat kompleks:
When they smile at their child, parents communicate love, acceptance, and reassurance.

> Kalimat 7, 8, dan 9 digabung menjadi kalimat kompleks:
 The child feels comfortable, safe, happy, and well-adjusted when he smiles.

> Kalimat 11 dan 12 digabung menjadi kalimat kompleks:
A woman is walking alone on an unfamiliar and possibly dangerous street because she wants to appear confident.

> Kalimat 13 dan 14 digabung menjadi kalimat kompleks:
She may be tired after she walk briskly.

> Kalimat 16 dan 17 digabung menjadi kalimat kompleks:
Her eyes are focused straight ahead when someone is looking at her.

> Kalimat 21 dan 22 digabung menjadi kalimat majemuk dengan menggunakan semikolon:
Indeed, body language can express more than spoken language; it is a very strong method of communication.

> Kalimat 23 dan 24 digabung menjadi kalimat kompleks:
When people use their body signals carelessly, they can sometimes be misinterpreted.


Improved paragraphs:


Nonverbal communication, or body language, is used everywhere in the world. It is a very powerful means of communication, and it communicates much more than spoken words. One example of nonverbal communication is what occurs between parents and child. When they smile at their child, parents communicate love, acceptance, and reassurance. The child feels comfortable, safe, happy, and well-adjusted when he smiles.

Another example of such communication is the image a person projects in public. A woman is walking alone on an unfamiliar and possibly dangerous street because she wants to appear confident. She may be tired after she walks briskly. She should walk with her shoulders straight and her head held high. Her eyes are focused straight ahead when someone is looking at her. She should return the glance without hesitation. In contrast, a nervous women will appear afraid. She walks slowly with her shoulders drooping and her eyes looking downward. Indeed, body language can express more than spoken language; it is a very strong method of communication. When people use their body signals carelessly,  they can sometimes be misinterpreted.

 
project: show
briskly: fast
drooping: hanging down

Sebuah video untuk melengkapi.



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