Rabu, 03 Februari 2016

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Belajar Bahasa Inggris: Kalimat Kompleks dan Majemuk-Kompleks

Belajar Bahasa Inggris Tentang Kalimat Kompleks dan Majemuk-Kompleks


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Sebelumnya kita telah membahas dan mempelajari kalimat majemuk (compound sentence) dan pada sesi belajar Bahasa Inggris kali ini kita akan membahas kalimat kompleks (complex) dan majemuk-kompleks (compound-complex sentence).

Belajar Bahasa Inggris tentang Kalimat Kompleks:

Kalimat Kompleks. Kalimat kompleks berisi satu klausa independen dan satu (atau lebih) klausa dependen. Dalam kalimat kompleks, satu gagasan umumnya lebih penting daripada yang lainnya. Ide yang lebih penting ditempatkan dalam klausa independen, dan ide yang kurang penting ditempatkan dalam klausa dependen.

Belajar Bahasa Inggris tentang Klausa Dependen:

Ada tiga macam klausa dependen: adverbia, adjektiva, dan nomina. Denah berikut menyajikan ketiganya secara singkat.

DEPENDENT CLAUSES
ADVERB CLAUSE
Klausa adverbia dependen mulai dengan subordinator seperti: when, while, because, although, if, so that, dsb. 
     1. Although women in the United States could own property, they could not vote until 1920.
     2. In the United States, women could not vote until 1920 although they could own property.
Perhatikan bahwa ada dua posisi yang mungkin bagi klausa adverbia: sebelum atau setelah klausa independen. Jika ia datang sebelum klausa independen, ia diikuti oleh koma (kalimat 1). Jika ia datang setelah klausa independen, koma tidak digunakan (kalimat 2).

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
Klausa adjektiva (relatif) dependen mulai dengan pronomina relatif seperti who, whom, which, whose, atau that, atau dengan adverbia relatif seperti where atau when. Klausa adjektiva berfungsi sebagai adjektiva; karenanya, ia menerangkan nomina atau pronomina. Posisi dan tanda baca klausa adjektiva dependen akan dibahas pada kesempatan berikutnya.

     3. Men who are not married are called bachelors.
     4. Last year we vacationed on the Red Sea, which features excellent scuba diving.

NOUN CLAUSE
Klausa nomina dependen berfungsi sebagai nomina dan mulai dengan wh-question word, that, whether, atau kadang-kadang if. Klausa nomina dependen dapat berupa baik sebagai subyek (kalimat 5) atau sebagai obyek (kalimat 6). Di sini tidak diperlukan koma.

     5. That there is a hole in the ozone layer of the earth's atmosphere is well known.
     6. Scientists believe that excess chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere are responsible for creating it.

Belajar Bahasa Inggris tentang Latihan:

PRACTICE: Complex Sentences
PERINTAH:
A. STEP 1: Underline the independent clause of each sentence with a solid line.
     STEP 2: Underline the dependent clause with a broken line.
     STEP 3: Write SUB above the subordinator.

Example

SUB
Because the cost of education is rising, many students must work part-time.
  1. When students from other countries come to the United States, they often suffer from culture shock.
  2. Because the cost of education has risen, many students are having financial problems.
  3. Please tell me where the student union is.
  4. Engineers, who have an aptitude for drafting and mechanics, must also be artistic and imaginative.
  5. While the contractor follows the blueprint, the engineer checks the construction in progress. 
  6. Since the blueprint presents the detail of the engineer's plans, it must be interpreted accurately by the constructor.
  7. Students should declare a major by their junior year unless they have not made up their minds.
  8. even though students declare a major now, they can change it later.
  9. Last year, the government reported that drug use is increasing.
  10. Doctors are concerned about drug use by young people, who think that smoking marijuana is risk-free.
B. STEP 1: Add a logical independent clause to each of the following dependent clauses.
     STEP 2: Punctuate each sentence correctly.
  1. __________________________________ until I pay my tuition.
  2. _________________________________________________ unless I take twelve units.
  3. __________________________________ that computer engineering is a popular major.
  4. _________________________________________________ who is chair of the Communications Department.
  5. Because I had to look for a part-time job ________________________________
  6. _________________________________________________ if I want to get to school on time.
  7. _________________________________________________ whether I should take advanced calculus.
  8. _________________________________ whom I met at the social club meeting last month.
  9. _________________________________________________ when I left my country.
  10. _________________________________ that my college adviser recommends.

Belajar Bahasa Inggris tentang Kalimat Majemuk-Kompleks:

Kalimat Majemuk-Kompleks. Kalimat majemuk kompleks adalah kombinasi dari dua atau lebih klausa independen dan satu (atau lebih) klausa dependen. Banyak kombinasi dimungkinkan, dan tanda bacanya menuntut perhatian yang hati-hati.
1. I wanted to travel after I graduated from college; however, I had to go to work immediately.
2. After I graduated from college, I wanted to travel, but I had to go to work immediately.
3. I wanted to travel after I graduated from college, but I had to go to work immediately because I had to support my family.
4. I couldn't decide where I should work or what I should do, so I did nothing.
  • Berilah tanda baca bagian majemuk dari kalimat majemuk-kompleks seperti kalimat majemuk; karenanya, gunakan kombinasi semikolon/koma (kalimat 1), atau letakkan koma sebelum koordinator yang menggabungkan dua klausa (kalimat 2, 3, dan 4).
  • Berilah tanda baca bagian kompleks seperti kalimat kompleks. Dengan klausa adverbia, letakkan koma setelah klausa adverbia dependen (kalimat 2) tetapi jangan sebelum klausa adverbia dependen (kalimat 3). Dengan klausa nomina, jangan gunakan koma (kalimat 4).
Belajar Bahasa Inggris tentang Latihan:

PRACTICE: Compound-Complex Sentences
PERINTAH:
Punctuate these compound-complex sentences.

STEP 1: Underline the independent clauses with a solid line and the dependent clauses with a broken line.
STEP 2: Add commas and/or semicolons as necessary.
  1. If housework and childcare are included, women work more hours per week than men every place in the world except North America and Australia but they also earn less than men everywhere.
  2. In Africa, women work harder than men because they work 67 hours per week but men work only 53.
  3. Although Latin American women work 60 hours Latin men work only 54 and in Asia women work 62 hours to men's 48.
  4. Men in Western Europe work the least they put in only 43 hours per week although women average 48.
  5. The report stated that even when men's working hours were reduced they used the extra time for leisure activities rather than for housework or childcare.    
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